843

The Monks of Mount Athos send a delegation to Constantinople to celebrate the restoration of the worship of icons.

883

Athos receives its first imperial privilege from Basilius I Macedon.

908

Athos becomes independent of the coenobia outside the Athonite peninsula. The office of Protos, as leader and representative of all the monks, is attested for the first time.

941-2

Romanos I Lecapenos makes the first known imperial grant to the monks of Mount Athos, of one gold coin per monk, per annum.

943

The authorities officially define the boundary between the city of Ierissos and the monastic community.

957

Saint Athanasios goes to Athos and builds the monastery that later was named Great Lavra, the first coenobium. The project is financed by the booty from the Cretan campaign (961) and donations by the Emperor Nikephoros Phocas.

972

The first charter of the monastic community is signed by the Emperor Ioannis Tsimiskes and the monks of Mount Athos. Known as the "Tragus", it officially established the coenobian system alongside the hermitages.

1045

Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus signs the second Typikon, in which Athos is officially termed as The Holy Mountain. There are three large coenobia: the Great Lavra, Iviron and Vatopedion.

1142

A Russian monastery is founded.

1198

The Monastery of Chelandariou is handed over to the Serbs. In the 13th century the Monastery of Zographou is occupied exclusively by Bulgars.

1205

Mount Athos is briefly occupied by the Latins of the 4th Crusade.

1307-9

Mount Athos is sacked and destroyed by the Catalans.

1312

Andronicus II Palaeologus and the Patriarch Nyphon legislate that the election of the Protos must be approved by the Patriarch. Athonite monks become adepts of Hesychasm, a mystic practice seeking to achieve direct contact with God through prayer and the vision of Divine Light.

1343

Stefan Dusan, a Serb ruler, conquers Serrai and the Holy Mountain, which he visits with members of his family.

1371

The Serbs are defeated by the Byzantines at the Battle of Maritsa. The Byzantines return to East Macedonia and Mount Athos.

1374

Alexios III Comnenus, Emperor of Trapezous, founds the Monastery of Dionysiou.

1383

The Ottoman Turks seize Mount Athos. The first period of Ottoman rule begins.

1403

After the Turks are defeated at the Battle of Angyra, Mount Athos is restored to Byzantine sovereignty.

1406

Manuel II Palaeologus issues the third Typikon of Mount Athos.

1424

A Delegation of Athonite monks visits Sultan Murad, in Adrianople. The second period of Ottoman rule begins.

1498

The Typikon of Manuel II Palaeologus of 1394 is issued.

1541

The Patriarch Jeremiah I founds the Monastery of Stavronikita.

1569

All the landed property of the monasteries in the Ottoman Empire is confiscated by Sultan Selim II.

1593

The termination of the authority of the Protos, as the supreme administrative and spiritual leader of the Athonite monks. The "Megali Synaxis" (The Great Council) at Kariai is established as the supreme authority in charge of all affairs concenring the monastic community.

1749

The Athonite Academy is founded.

1754

The beginning of the spiritual movement of "Kolyvadhes".

1783

The Typikon of the Patriarch Gabriel IV is issued.

1821

(May). The Greek War of Independence is declared at Kariai.

1860

The Ottoman Government tries to intervene in Athonite affairs with a constitution drawn up by Hushni Pasha, the Governor of Thessaloniki.

1863

The Government of Alexander Kuza confiscates Athonite dependencies in Romania.

1873

The Russian Government seizes the income of the Bessarabia and Caucasus dependencies.

1912

Ratification of the new General Regulations governing Mount Athos, which was drawn up by the Patriarch Joachim III and the Athonite monks.

1912

(November). The Holy Mountain is liberated by the Greek fleet.

1913

The Athonite monks pass a resolution declaring the administrative autonomy of the Monastic State, within the Greek State.

1926

The existing constitution governing the affairs of Mount Athos is passed.