Gia na qumomaste thn Epanastash tou 21

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H epanastash tou 1821 einai enaV apo   touVshmantikoterouV staqmouV tou ellhnikoueqnouV. Ousiastika xekina mia periodoV eleuqerou biou twn Ellhnwn pou sunecizetai mecri shmera. Galoucimenoi apo ta khrugmata tou Neoellhnikou Diafwtismouoi ellhneV ousiastika exegerqhkan enantion twn Tourkwn stiV 22 Febrouariou 1821 (me to Iouliano hmerologio), otan o AlexandroV UyhlanthV, archgoV thV FilikhV EtairiaV, perase ton potamo Prouqo pou cwrize thn Rwsia apo tiV ParadounabieV HgemonieV me skopo na organwsei ekei to kinhma enantion twn Tourkwn, mia kai stiV perioceV thV MoldabiaV kai thV BlaciaV h paramonh Tourkikwn strateu matwn htan apagoreumenh kai oi topikoi arconteV htan EllhneV FanariwteV.

Ligo meta thn exegersh stiV hgemonieV, oi Tourkoi kalesan touV proestouV thV Peloponnhsou sthn Tripolh, dioikhtiko kentro thV periochV, me skopo na touV krathsoun omhrouV. Polloi proestoi omwV, kuriwV thV AcaiaV, sunaisqanqhkan ton kinduno kai me diaforeV profaseiV apefugan na pane sthn Tripolh.

Hdh apo tiV 14 ewV tiV 20 Martiou eican arcisei exegerseiV se polla merh thV Peloponnhsou, opwV sto Agridi, stiV KatsaneV kai ston Palaiopurgo. StiV 21 Martiou khrucqhke h epanastash sth Manh kai mia mera argotera o PetrompehV MauromicalhV poliorkouse thn Kalamata. StiV 25 Martiou o episkopoV Palaiwn Patrwn GermanoV shkwse to labaro thV epanastashV sto monasthri thV MegisthV LauraV, sta Kalabruta, opou htan sugkentrwmenoi oi perissoteroi proestoi perimenontaV na plhroforhqoun an h Rwsia qa uposthrixei ton agwna twn Ellhnwn enantion twn Tourkwn. To gegonoV auto qewreitai wV h epishmh enarxh thV ellhnikhV epanastashV. Mesa se treiVhmereV h epanastash ecei genikeuqei se olh thn Peloponnhso kai monon h Trip lh,me thn guro perioch thV , ecei parameinei sthn katoch twn Tourkwn. TiV epomeneV hmereV h epanastash epektaqhke kai sthn upoloiph Ellada.

StiV 4 Apriliou xeshkwqhkan oi EllhneV sthn anatolikh Sterea Ellada kai kate laban thn Libadeia, thn Amfissa kai thn Atalanth. Mia mera nwritera eican proscwrisei sthn epanastash oi SpetseV kai akolouqhsan stiV 6 Apriliou ta Yara, stiV 16 h Udra, kai stiV 26 tou idiou mhna h SamoV kai h KasoV. StiV arceV tou Maiou ercetai h seira thV QessaliaV na mpei ston agwna me exegersh twn Mhliwn, stiV 7 Maiou, pou epektaqhke ameswV meta stiV perioceV tou Bolou kai tou Belestinou. Sthn Makedonia h epanastash khrucqhke stiV 17 Maiou. Hdh apo tiV 11 Martiou omwV eice apobibasqei sto Agio OroV o FilikoV Emmanouhl PapaV kai me kentro th monh Esfigmenou arcise na stratologei enqousiwdeiV epanastateV. H epanastash epektaqhke ameswV meta kai sthn Calkidikh, ton Olumpo kai to Bermio. Sth dutikh Ellada prwtostathse ston xeshkwmo to Mesologgi, opou stiV 20 Maiou uywqhke h shmaia thV epanastashV sto dioikhthrio thV polhV kai thn epomenh sto Aitwliko. Sthn Krhth oi prwteV sugkrouseiV metaxu Ellhnwn kai Tourkwn shmeiwqh kan stiV 11 Iouniou sto Qeriso, enw tiV epomeneV hmereV diexhcqhkan maceV sto Requmno, sta Cania kai sta Sfakia.

H HpeiroV arghse na xeshkwqei. H aitia htan h antarsia tou Alh Pasa enantion tou Soultanou kai h summacia twn Souliwtwn me ton Alh Pasa. OmwV sta mesa Septembriou oi SouliwteV epiteqhkan se TourkalbanouV, pistouV ston Soultano, sto Toskesi, enw treiV mereV argotera nikhsan megaleV tourkikeV dunameiV sta Pente Phgadia.

TouV prwtouV mhneV tou agwna oi EllhneVprospaqhsan na organwqoun se topiko epipedo dhmiourgontaV politeiakouV organismouV (OrganismoV ProswrinhV DioikhshV thV DutikhV Cersou ElladoV, Nomikh DiataxiV thV AnatolikhV Cersou ElladoV, OrganismoV PeloponnhsiakhV GerousiaV). H anagkh omwV gia eniaia politikh dioikhsh egine fanerh ton Septembrio tou 1821 otan alwqhke h Tripolitsa. H 1h Eqnosuneleush sungklhqhke stiV 20 Dekembriou tou 1821 konta sthn Palia Epidauro. Ekei thn 1h Ianouariou tou 1822 diakhrucqhke h eqnikh anexarthsia twn Ellhnwn kai yhfisthke to prwto suntagma. To suntagma auto anaqewrhqhke to 1823 kai antikatastaqhke to 1827. Ola ta suntagmata tou agwna qewrountai apo ta pio dhmokratika kai fileleuqera thV epochV touV. Problepoun thn dhmiourgia duo nomoqetikwn swmatwn, tou Bouleutikou (Boulh) kai tou Ektelestikou (Kubernhsh). Ta melh touV eklegontai se takta diasthmata apo ton ellhniko lao. Dikai wma yhfou ecounoloi, akomh kai oi xenoi, pou polemhsan ston Agwna thV AnexarthsiaV. Oloi oi politeV einai isoi apenanti stouV nomouV, ecoun ta idia dikaiwmata kai diorizontai analoga me ta prosonta touV. H zwh, h periousia kai h timh olwn einai sebasth se olh thn ellhnikh epikrateia kai ta kaqe eidouV basanisthpia katargounta. OidiataxeiV kai oi kanonismoi autoi paremeinan se efarmogh mecri ton qanato tou prwtou kubernhth thV ElladoV, Iwannh Kapodistria. Meta ton qanato tou, oi megaleV dunameiV (Megalh Bretania, Gallia, Rwsia) epelexan ton Oqwna Bittelsmpac thV BauariaV, san basilia twn Ellhnwn, o opoioV diakubernhse apolutarcika thn Ellada mecri to 1843, opote kai anagkasthke na ekdwsei Suntagma.

To neo kratoV, pou sthn arch kateice ena polu mikro meroV sthn akrh thV BalkanikhV me to megalutero meroV tou Ellhnismou na brisketai ektoV twn prwtwn ellhnikwn sunorwn, megalwse siga siga perilambanontaV stouV kolpouV tou oloena kai megalutero meroV tou Ellhnismou. To 1864 h Megalh Bretania paracwrhse sth Ellada ta Eptanhsa, to 1881 prosarthqhkan h Qessalia kai h perioch thV ArtaV, to 1912-13 ta nhsia tou Aigaiou (sumperilambanomenhV kai thV Lhmnou, stiV 8 Oktwbriou 1912), h Makedonia kai h Krhth, to 1919 h Qrakh, kai teloV to 1947 egine h enwsh twn Dwdekanhswn me thn Ellada.