[01] Deos, fobos kai endiaferon logw ths olikhs ekleichs Hlioy

Panarxaies prolhceis, episthmonika peiramata kai monternes emporikes praktikes syndyasthkan me monadiko tropo kata thn ekleich, poy egine orath stis pio pyknokatoikhmenes perioxhs toy planhth.

Afoy sxhmatisthke sth qalassa dytika ths Indias, h selhniakh skia, h oympra, epese sto omospondo kratidio Gkoytzarat ligo prin tis 06:30 [04:00 wra Elladas].

H ekleich ayth htan "teratwdoys" megeqoys, symfwna me ton eidiko ths NASA Frent Espenak kai ton metewrologo Tzei Anterson, poy se arqro toys sto periodiko Sky & Telescope shmeiwsan oti prokeitai gia ena apo ta pio megala se diarkeia tetoia fainomena, kai se orismenes periptwseis qa efqane ta ejimish lepta.

H ekleich egine orath sto Mpangklantes, sto Nepal, to Mpoytan, thn Mianmar kai katopin se polles apo tis megalyteres poleis ths Kinas, perilambanomenhs kai ths Sagkahs.

Oi ekleiceis dinoyn se episthmones sth gh mia spania eykairia na katagracoyn disdiastates eikones apo to "stemma" toy hlioy, dhladh tis aeries mazes gyrw apo thn flegomenh maza toy megalyteroy astroy toy galajia.

Dekades xiliades anqrwpoi sygkentrwqhkan sto Baranasi, polloi gia na kanoyn mia boytia sto Gaggh, prajh poy qewreitai oti lytrwnei apo ton kyklo ths zwhs kai toy qanatoy gia toys Indoyistes. "Oi proestoi mas eipan oti einai h kalyterh stigmh na beltiwsoyme thn metaqanatia zwh mas", eipe xarakthristika o Mpailal Sarma, xwrikos apo thn kentrikh India poy tajidece sto Baranasi gia thn peristash.

Gia toys astrologoys, h ekleich shmainei kakotyxia, kai polles melloyses mhteres zhthsan apo toys giatroys na epispeysoyn h na anabaloyn tis kyhseis. Oi goneis se polla sxoleia ths Indikhs prwteyoysas apofasisan na mh steiloyn ta paidia toys sto sxoleio.

Kai gia ton arxaio Kineziko politismo h ekleich apoteloyse kako oiwno kai syndeotan me fysikes katastrofes kai qanatoys sthn aytokratorikh oikogeneia. H epikratoysa qewria htan oti to fainomeno prokaloyse enas drakos poy "katapine ton hlio" gia merika lepta. Ajiwmatoyxoi kai kratika MME espeysan na kaqhsyxasoyn ton plhqysmo oti ola qa leitoyrghsoyn kanonika kai de qa yparjei kapoio aproopto.

Arketoi polites poy qelhsan na doyn thn ekleich apofasisan na tajidecoyn ektos Sagkahs, opoy h molynsh qa toys empodize na exoyn mia kaqarh eikona. Megalo meros ths Kinas anamenotan na einai kalymmeno apo pyknh nefwsh sthn diarkeia toy fainomenoy.

Sthn India synereysan xiliades toyristes gia na parakoloyqhsoyn to spanio fainomeno. Yphrjan tajidiwtika grafeia poy organwsan eidikes ekdromes gia thn ekleich, akomh kai aeroporikes pthseis gia thn parakoloyqhsh ths.

H epomenh paromoia olikh ekleich poy qa einai orath sthn India anamenetai peripoy se 123 xronia.

Idanikh eykairia

H megalhs diarkeias olikh ekleich toy Hlioy poy "sarwse" ena megalo tmhma ths Asias (den qa yparjei allh toso megalh ekleich mesa ston 21o aiwna), melethqhke epistamenws apo toys episthmones, kyriws twn dyo megalyterwn xwrwn ths perioxhs, ths Kinas kai ths Indias. Eidika oi Kinezoi episthmones pragmatopoihsan ena shmantiko peirama, eyelpistwntas oti etsi qa dwsoyn oristikh apanthsh se ena erwthma poy problhmatizei edw kai xronia toys episthmones: an pragmati h barythta ths Ghs meiwnetai elafra sth diarkeia mias olikhs ekleichs.

Gewfysikoi ths Kinezikhs Akadhmias Episthmwn egkatesthsan ejeligmeno ejoplismo se eji diaforetika shmeia ths xwras toys, metrwntas th barythta, kaqws h skia ths Selhnhs, platoys peripoy 250 xlm., diesxize arga th Notia Kina. Ta apotelesmata, poy qa analyqoyn toys epomenoys mhnes, anamenetai na epibebaiwsoyn (h na aporricoyn telika) thn qewria oti einai pragmatikes oi barytikes anwmalies poy parathroyntai kata tis olikes ekleiceis toy hlioy, symfwna me to New Scientist.

H prwth endeijh gia tis diakymanseis ths barythtas sth diarkeia mias ekleichs yphrje to 1954, otan o gallos fysikos Moris Ale proseje thn anwmalh symperifora enos kinoymenoy ekkremoys, th stigmh poy mia hliakh ekleich lambane xwra panw apo to Parisi, kati poy ypodhlwne oti yphrje mia jafnikh metabolh sth dynamh ths barythtas poy ephreaze to ekkremes.

Ektote, analoges barytikes anwmalies exoyn parathrhqei se peripoy 20 hliakes ekleiceis ana ton planhth, parola ayta oi episthmones den exoyn akoma katalhjei se oristiko symperasma - kati poy elpizetai oti qa ginei twra meta to kineziko peirama. Oi perissoteroi fysikoi toy planhth amfiballoyn gia thn yparjh ths anwmalias, epeidh an isxye, qa allaze tis antilhceis toys gia to pws leitoyrgei h barythta.

Gia to logo ayto, exoyn protaqei diafores, pio symbatikes, enallaktikes ermhneies toy fainomenoy, opws oi metaboles sthn qermokrasia h thn piesh ths atmosfairas. Orismenoi fysikoi omws epimenoyn oti to fainomeno einai yparkto.

Oi kinezoi episthmones egkatesthsan metrhtes ths barythtas kai ekkremh se diafores topoqesies ths axanoys Kinas, elpizontas oti h terastia apostash metajy twn episthmonikwn organwn (peripoy 3.000 xlm. apo to pio anatoliko mexri to pio dytiko shmeio) qa ejaleicei thn opoia piqanothta h barytikh anwmalia na ephreazetai apo sfalmata twn organwn h apo topikoys klimatologikoys paragontes.

Alles omades kinezwn episthmonwn epikentrwqhkan sto hliako stemma, poy exei qermokrasies mexri 2 ekat. baqmoys Kelsioy, kai trabhjan mia seira apo sxetikes fwtografies.

Apo thn pleyra toys, oi Indoi episthmones zhthsan th bohqeia ths polemikhs aeroporias ths xwras toys, poy toys paraxwrhse ena maxhtiko Miraz ki ena metagwgiko aeroplano gia na parakoloyqhsoyn apo aeros kai ek toy syneggys to "metwpo" ths ekleichs, kaqws h skia ths diesxize thn India. Me ton tropo ayto, apo ycometro sxedon 8.000 metrwn, mporesan na yperphdhsoyn ta synnefa twn moyswnwn poy skepazan th xwra toys kai ekryban to fainomeno.

H ekleich dihrkese peripoy 6,5 lepta, mia xronikh diarkeia poy den qa epanalhfqei mexri to etos 2132. Mia olikh hliakh ekleich symbainei kata meso oro mia h dyo fores to xrono, omws einai orath mono apo mia stenh lwrida (peripoy to 1% ths epifaneias ths Ghs). O basikos logos poy h shmerinh ekleich sthn Asia krathse toso poly, htan oti arxise molis liges wres afotoy h Selhnh eftase sto perigeio, dhladh sto shmeio opoy to feggari plhsiazei perissotero ton planhth mas kata thn perifora toy. Apo toso kontinh apostash, o doryforos ths Ghs fainetai kata 8% megalyteros apo ton Hlio kai rixnei mia megalyterh skia ston planhth mas apo o,ti synhqws.

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