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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 3, No. 142, 99-07-23

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next Article

From: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>

RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 3, No. 142, 23 July 1999


CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

  • [01] RUSSIAN JEWS CONVERTED TO ARMENIAN CHURCH TO AVOID POGROMS
  • [02] AZERBAIJAN TO SEND PEACEKEEPERS TO KOSOVA
  • [03] AZERBAIJAN'S ALIEV PURSUES TWO-TRACK PEACE PROCESS
  • [04] NEW SLANDER TRIAL MARS AZERBAIJAN'S PRESS DAY
  • [05] ABKHAZ ELECTION PLANS DRAW GEORGIAN CRITICISM
  • [06] FORMER GEORGIAN SECURITY CHIEF BLAMED FOR COUP
  • [07] KAZEHGELDIN TO RUN FOR KAZAKHSTAN PARLIAMENT
  • [08] RUSSIAN SMUGGLING NUCLEAR MATERIALS DETAINED AT KAZAKHSTAN
  • [09] CLARIFICATION:
  • [10] RUSSIA TO OPEN MILITARY BASE IN TAJIKISTAN
  • [11] RUSSIAN-KYRGYZ JOINT VENTURE STEALS MEDICAL AID

  • [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

  • [12] HOMBACH: AID FOR SERBIA ONLY WITHOUT MILOSEVIC
  • [13] NATO: NO MORE UCK IN TWO MONTHS
  • [14] AGREEMENT ON MITROVICA REACHED
  • [15] OJDANIC STRESSES ARMY'S LOYALTY TO MILOSEVIC
  • [16] RESERVISTS RESUME PROTESTS IN NIS
  • [17] OPPOSITION: MILOSEVIC MUST GO BY FALL
  • [18] PODGORICA REJECTS BELGRADE AID REQUEST
  • [19] MONTENEGRO TAKES CONTROL OF AIRPORTS
  • [20] MONTENEGRIN DELGATION IN SARAJEVO
  • [21] ALBANIAN PRIME MINISTER SEEKS WESTERN AID
  • [22] ALBANIA'S DEMOCRATS RETURN TO PARLIAMENT
  • [23] UNCERTAINTY OVER APPROVAL OF IMF LOAN TO ROMANIA
  • [24] MAVERICK SERB LEADER IN ROMANIA
  • [25] YUGOSLAV VLACHS REQUEST ROMANIAN HELP
  • [26] FATE OF MOLDOVAN, ROMANIAN DEBT-SETTLING DEAL UNCERTAIN
  • [27] BULGARIA'S NATIONAL BANK OPENS UP COMMUNIST ARCHIVES

  • [C] END NOTE

  • [28] CZECH 'PSYCHOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS' AND 'VELVET REVOLUTIONS'

  • [A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

    [01] RUSSIAN JEWS CONVERTED TO ARMENIAN CHURCH TO AVOID POGROMS

    BEFORE WWI, NEW BOOK SAYS

    According to a new book published

    this week in Yerevan, thousands of Russian Jews sought to

    join the Armenian Apostolic Church before World War I in

    order to escape growing Russian anti-Semitic attacks at that

    time, RFE/RL's Armenian Service reports. The book, by

    Armenian Academician Vardges Mikaeelian, is based on archival

    sources, but the author acknowledges that "it is difficult to

    say how many Jews in fact adopted the Armenian Apostolic

    faith." PG

    [02] AZERBAIJAN TO SEND PEACEKEEPERS TO KOSOVA

    NATO Secretary-

    General Javier Solana has invited Baku to send 30

    peacekeepers to Kosova, Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Tofik

    Zulfugarov told ITAR-TASS on 22 July. Turkey had participated

    in consultations with NATO that led to this agreement. PG

    [03] AZERBAIJAN'S ALIEV PURSUES TWO-TRACK PEACE PROCESS

    President

    Heidar Aliev told visiting French Senate chairman Christian

    Poncelet that Baku will seek to settle the Armenian-

    Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh "both within the

    framework of the OSCE Minsk Group and by direct talks between

    heads of state," ITAR-TASS reported. Poncelet welcomed this

    move, invited Baku to participate in Caucasus-wide talks in

    Paris later this year, and called for the establishment of a

    common market in the southern Caucasus. PG

    [04] NEW SLANDER TRIAL MARS AZERBAIJAN'S PRESS DAY

    The trial of a

    journalist accused of slandering the brother of President

    Aliev opened in Baku on 22 July, thus casting a shadow over

    the country's National Press Day, AP reported. Speaking on

    Azerbaijani television ANS, Aliev said that the country's

    mass media is strong and "operating freely." Meanwhile, the

    Trend news agency reported that the country's Russian-

    language press on 21 July created a new association to help

    resolve problems that Russian publications face in

    Azerbaijan. PG

    [05] ABKHAZ ELECTION PLANS DRAW GEORGIAN CRITICISM

    The breakaway

    region of Abkhazia will hold a presidential election on 3

    October, Abkhazpress reported on 22 July. Georgian President

    Eduard Shevardnadze denounced the move on 19 July, saying

    "this is an illegal election. A region from which three-

    quarters of the population has been evicted.... What kind of

    legality can we speak of in these conditions?" PG

    [06] FORMER GEORGIAN SECURITY CHIEF BLAMED FOR COUP

    Vakhtang

    Kutateladze, Georgia's minister of state security, has

    identified former Georgian security chief Igor Giorgadze as

    the organizer of a recent coup plot against President

    Shevardnadze, Prime News reported on 22 July. Kutateladze

    said that Giorgadze wanted to subvert Georgian independence

    by leading it into the Russia-Belarus union not as a single

    country but rather as a set of regions. PG

    [07] KAZEHGELDIN TO RUN FOR KAZAKHSTAN PARLIAMENT

    Former

    Kazakhstan Prime Minister Akezhan Kazhegeldin, the leader of

    the opposition Republican People's Party, will run for the

    parliament, even though he and his party doubt the vote will

    be democratic, Interfax-Kazakhstan reported on 22 July. But

    there was one positive step with regard to that vote:

    RFE/RL's Kazakh service reported on 22 July that the

    Kazakhstan authorities have registered the Republican

    People's Party, thereby making it fully eligible to

    participate in the election. PG

    [08] RUSSIAN SMUGGLING NUCLEAR MATERIALS DETAINED AT KAZAKHSTAN

    BORDER

    Kazakhstan customs officials detained a Russian

    officer who was attempting to take radioactive materials into

    Uzbekistan, ITAR-TASS reported on 22 July. The materials,

    used as a power source for nuclear reactors, came from the

    Baikonur space center. PG

    [09] CLARIFICATION:

    "RFE/RL Newsline" reported on 22 July that

    there is a hunger strike at Kazakhstan's Ekibastuz Power

    Station. There are in fact two power stations there. The

    strike is taking place at GRES-2, which remains state-owned,

    not at GRES-1, which has been privatized.

    [10] RUSSIA TO OPEN MILITARY BASE IN TAJIKISTAN

    Tajik Foreign

    Minister Talbak Nazarov told Interfax on 22 July that Russia

    plans to establish a military base in Tajikistan. He added

    that Tajikistan "maintains balanced relations with all

    countries but views Russia as a strategically important

    partner." PG

    [11] RUSSIAN-KYRGYZ JOINT VENTURE STEALS MEDICAL AID

    A Russian-

    Kyrgyz joint venture that was to deliver humanitarian aid

    totaling $1.6 million to Kyrgyzstan in fact delivered only

    $47,000 worth, the Kyrgyz National Security Ministry told

    Interfax on 22 July. PG


    [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

    [12] HOMBACH: AID FOR SERBIA ONLY WITHOUT MILOSEVIC

    Leading

    representatives of European socialist and social democratic

    parties gathered in Vienna on 22 July for a two-day

    conference to discuss the political, social, legal, and

    economic development of the Balkans, RFE/RL's South Slavic

    Service reported. Participants include the presidents of

    Slovenia and Montenegro and the prime ministers of Germany,

    Austria, Greece, Albania, and the Republika Srpska. Several

    Serbian opposition leaders are also present. Bodo Hombach,

    who is the EU's chief aid coordinator for the Balkans, said

    reconstruction aid will be available for Serbia once "the

    Serbs oust [Yugoslav President Slobodan] Milosevic," whom he

    called "the main problem" for the region. PM

    [13] NATO: NO MORE UCK IN TWO MONTHS

    An unnamed official of the

    Atlantic alliance told "The Daily Telegraph" of 23 July that

    the disarmament of the Kosova Liberation Army (UCK) is

    proceeding successfully. The official added that "in two

    months there will be no more [UCK]. There will be only one

    military force in [Kosova], and that will be NATO."

    Elsewhere, KFOR commander General Sir Mike Jackson postponed

    a meeting with UCK General Agim Ceku from 23 to 24 July to

    enable the UCK to "check its tallies" of armaments before

    Jackson officially confirms that the guerrillas have met

    their disarmament obligations to NATO (see "RFE/RL Newsline,"

    21 July 1999). PM

    [14] AGREEMENT ON MITROVICA REACHED

    Representatives of ethnic

    Albanians and Serbs in Mitrovica concluded an agreement on 22

    July to guarantee freedom of movement across the Ibri River,

    which divides Mitrovica into Serbian and Albanian sides.

    Leaders from both communities will sign the agreement on 24

    July. PM

    [15] OJDANIC STRESSES ARMY'S LOYALTY TO MILOSEVIC

    General

    Dragoljub Ojdanic, who is the army's chief of staff and a

    firm supporter of Milosevic, said during the president's

    visit to the General Staff's headquarters on 21 July that the

    army is "ready to carry out all tasks in keeping with the

    constitution." It was his second public declaration of the

    army's support for Milosevic in as many days (see "RFE/RL

    Newsline," 22 July 1999). PM

    [16] RESERVISTS RESUME PROTESTS IN NIS

    Some 100 army reservists

    resumed blocking traffic in southern Serbia's largest city

    after a break of three days (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 19 July

    1999). They demanded immediate payment of back wages for the

    time they served in Kosova. Enthusiastic crowds cheered the

    reservists. The reservists taunted the well-paid paramilitary

    police by chanting "You got yours, now let us get ours." In

    Kragujevac, about 1,000 anti-Milosevic protesters chanted

    "Off you go to The Hague." Several hundred anti-government

    demonstrators gathered in Leskovac and in Valjevo, RFE/RL's

    South Slavic Service reported. PM

    [17] OPPOSITION: MILOSEVIC MUST GO BY FALL

    Nenad Canak, who heads

    the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, told reporters

    at the Vienna conference on 23 July that several opposition

    leaders have "agreed to coordinate our street

    demonstrations." He added that he believes "that the last

    bloody dictatorship of this century could be destroyed by the

    autumn. If [Milosevic] remains any longer [than then], he

    will [regain control of the situation], and all our efforts

    will be useless. In November, the one who will have a loaf of

    bread and a finger on electricity will rule Serbia," Reuters

    reported. PM

    [18] PODGORICA REJECTS BELGRADE AID REQUEST

    Justice Minister

    Dragan Soc said in Podgorica on 22 July that the Montenegrin

    government rejects a request by the Socialist People's Party

    of Yugoslav Prime Minister Momir Bulatovic that the

    government "send 1 percent of all income in Montenegro" to

    Serbia to help repair the damage caused by NATO air strikes,

    dpa reported. Soc stressed that the Montenegrin government

    will not help the government of Milosevic but that it will

    find ways of helping the Serbian people. The Montenegrin

    authorities do not recognize the government of Bulatovic, who

    is the arch-rival of Montenegrin President Milo Djukanovic.

    PM

    [19] MONTENEGRO TAKES CONTROL OF AIRPORTS

    A Transportation

    Ministry spokesman said in Podgorica on 22 July that

    Montenegro Airports, which is a new public company, has taken

    over control of the republic's four airports from JAT, which

    is the Belgrade-based Yugoslav national airline. The

    spokesman added that the airports are now "property of

    Montenegro" and that JAT staff who wish to retain their jobs

    at the airports may do so. The U.S. and EU have banned JAT

    from landing on their territory. The ban does not apply to

    Montenegro Airlines. Podgorica is anxious to revive

    Montenegro's tourist industry. Most tourists arrive at the

    Podgorica or Tivat airports. PM

    [20] MONTENEGRIN DELGATION IN SARAJEVO

    Prime Minister Filip

    Vujanovic, Deputy Prime Minister Novak Kilibarda, and the

    ministers of foreign affairs, trade, and finance arrived in

    Sarajevo on 22 July. The discussed economic cooperation with

    Muslim leaders Alija Izetbegovic, Haris Silajdzic, and Edhem

    Bicakcic. The Montenegrin and Muslim leaders also called for

    political change in Serbia, RFE/RL's South Slavic Service

    reported. This is the first top-level official meeting

    between officials from Podgorica and Sarajevo since the

    collapse of the former Yugoslavia in 1991. PM

    [21] ALBANIAN PRIME MINISTER SEEKS WESTERN AID

    Before leaving for

    Vienna, Pandeli Majko told "Zeri i Popullit" of 22 July that

    "Albania carried a heavy burden during the [Kosova] crisis

    and we hope that we shall be rewarded for that." Foreign

    Minister Paskal Milo said before leaving Tirana for an aid

    donors' conference in Brussels that "we have made great

    progress since the total dissolution of the state in Albania

    in 1997, but the crisis in Kosova has hampered our efforts

    for even better results." He appealed to the donors--known as

    Friends of Albania--to "continue their assistance."

    Elsewhere, the "Washington Post" reported that the Albanian

    authorities have "a blunt message for the Western powers:

    show me the money." PM

    [22] ALBANIA'S DEMOCRATS RETURN TO PARLIAMENT

    Legislators from

    Albania's largest opposition party took part in a legislative

    session on 22 July for the first time in more than 10 months

    (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 19 July 1999). Genc Pollo, who is one

    of the Democrats' top leaders, told Reuters: "Returning to

    parliament is an attempt by the Democratic Party to restore

    the normality the country needs. The main responsibilities

    [for the political polarization] lie with the Socialist

    government. In due time we believe the Socialist gentlemen

    will not be afraid of new elections." The Democrats launched

    a parliamentary boycott after the killing of Democratic

    legislator Azem Hajdari in September 1998. The party charged

    the Socialist-led government with being behind the murder. PM

    [23] UNCERTAINTY OVER APPROVAL OF IMF LOAN TO ROMANIA

    John Hill,

    the IMF's representative in Romania, told Romanian Radio on

    22 July that the fund's executive board has not yet scheduled

    its meeting to approve the $500 million stand-by loan agreed

    with an IMF delegation in Bucharest last April. Hill said

    Romania "still has to meet some conditions." Finance Minister

    Decebal Train Remes the same day said that Credit Swiss First

    Boston has now inquired about the progress made in meeting

    the funds' conditions. Earlier, it said it is ready to

    approve a $200 million credit. In an interview with state

    radio, former Premier Theodor Stolojan explained that the

    fund's new loan policy is to make approval conditional on

    borrowing on international financial markets as well.

    Observers say Romania may find itself in a vicious circle

    where each creditor makes loaning conditional on progress

    made with other creditors. MS

    [24] MAVERICK SERB LEADER IN ROMANIA

    Vuk Draskovic, leader of

    Serbian Renewal Movement, told journalists on 22 July after

    talks with President Emil Constantinescu that "Slobodan

    Milosevic's most powerful backers are the U.S. and the EU,"

    both of which contribute to Milosevic's popularity in Serbia

    by condoning "the infringement of Serb rights...with KFOR

    troops acquiescence" in Kosova. He added that KFOR troops

    have "practically done away with the border between Kosova

    and Albania" and the province has "became part of Greater

    Albania." Constantinescu did not attend Draskovic's press

    conference, and the Serbian opposition leader's statement was

    described by Romanian Radio as "somewhat surprising." Prime

    Minster Radu Vasile said after meeting with Draskovic that he

    agrees with his view that "Serbia must not be isolated." He

    added that he supports Draskovic's demand for a transitional

    government in Serbia headed by a Montenegrin politician. MS

    [25] YUGOSLAV VLACHS REQUEST ROMANIAN HELP

    President

    Constantinescu on 22 July received a delegation of the

    Movement of Romanian Vlachs of Yugoslavia, Mediafax reported.

    Dimitrie Craciunovic, chairman of the movement, requested

    Romania to intervene with the Yugoslav authorities in order

    for the community to be "officially recognized as a national

    minority and granted collective rights." Craciunovic said the

    authorities have been procrastinating for eight years on

    answering the demand. He added that official statistics in

    Yugoslavia put the number of Romanian Vlachs at 32,000 at

    most, whereas unofficial statistics show that "no less than

    800,000 Romanians live in eastern Serbia." And he said that

    Constantinescu "promised to help more than in the past." MS

    [26] FATE OF MOLDOVAN, ROMANIAN DEBT-SETTLING DEAL UNCERTAIN

    The

    fate of the deal envisaging a Romanian consortium's takeover

    of a 51 percent stake in the Tirex-Petrol company in exchange

    for writing off Moldova's $5 million debt to Romania for

    electricity deliveries is uncertain, RFE/RL's Chisinau bureau

    reported on 22 July. The Moldovan government asked the

    parliament to amend the law on the deal, which specifically

    mentioned Romania. The amended law is to state that the stake

    goes to "the highest bidder." Parliamentary chairman Dumitru

    Diacov said the amendment is necessary to avoid infringing on

    Moldovan privatization laws. Eugen Garla, chairman of the

    Economy, Industry, and Privatization Commission, said it

    paves the way for "money-laundering by phantom companies from

    Germany or Greece" and accused Diacov of acting "in league

    with the Communists" to exclude Romania from the deal (see

    "RFE/RL Newsline," 19 July 1999). MS

    [27] BULGARIA'S NATIONAL BANK OPENS UP COMMUNIST ARCHIVES

    The

    National Bank is the first state institution that will open

    its secret files from the communist-era, board member Rumen

    Avramov told journalists on 22 July. He said that the bank's

    archive comprising 80,000 pages will be made available to the

    public as of 1 September. The archives cover Bulgarian

    financial and economic history from 1945 to 1989, Reuters

    reported. Avramov said that the records will offer

    information on the accumulation of the country's foreign

    debt, the debt crises, and the siphoning off of money through

    the National Bank in the 1980s. MS


    [C] END NOTE

    [28] CZECH 'PSYCHOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS' AND 'VELVET REVOLUTIONS'

    by Michael Shafir

    Political markets have many vendors. As in the economic

    sphere, those vendors tries to promote their merchandise to

    the best of their ability. But the political stock market is

    more fuzzy than the stock market proper because "shares" are

    difficult to trade and cash in, except at election time.

    The closest thing to a stock exchange that politics can

    offer in-between balloting are public opinion polls. Sky-

    rocketing share prices (a boost in polling results) create

    euphoria that may be dangerous if not reflecting political

    reality. Likewise, a drop in prices may result in panic-

    selling and that panic, in turn, acts to increase the prices

    of competitors' shares. One may even speak of "psychological

    thresholds" functioning as political milestones, just as such

    thresholds (which usually are more or less fictitious) are

    encountered in the realm of the economy proper.

    The results of a public opinion survey conducted by the

    Czech STEM polling institute and released last weekend might

    have been expected to lead to the creation of a

    "psychological threshold." The poll shows that for the first

    time since the "velvet revolution" of 1989, the Communist

    Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSCM) is the second-strongest

    political force in the Czech Republic, enjoying 17.8 percent

    backing. In the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in June

    1998, the KSCM polled 11 percent, making it the third-

    strongest parliamentary group in the chamber. Opinion polls

    have consistently shown in the last few months that the

    party's popularity is rising. What is more, in recent local

    by-elections held in 19 districts and in the municipality of

    Ceske Budejovice, the KSCM finished second behind the Civic

    Democratic Party (ODS). This is precisely what the STEM poll

    of July 1999 suggests would be the result of parliamentary

    elections were such a ballot to be held now.

    While the ODS is leading the field--it received 23.4

    percent of the vote in the STEM poll--it is questionable

    whether this is good news for party leader and former Premier

    Vaclav Klaus, given that in the 1998 general elections the

    ODS scored 27.7 percent. More dramatic is the drop in support

    for the ruling Social Democratic Party (CSSD), which,

    according to the poll, would fall from the first place it

    secured in the June 1998 elections, with 32.2 percent of the

    vote, to a worrisome third place, losing nearly half of its

    former strength (16.8 percent).

    This may explain the panic displayed by the democratic

    forces of various political persuasions in the face of the

    survey's results. Perhaps the daily "Pravo" best summed up

    that panic when it wrote on 19 July that the "self-appointed

    best pupil" in the post-communist school for democracy, that

    is the Czech Republic, has proved some 10 years after the

    school was opened that it is ready to give the "unreformed

    and un-reformable Communists" their strongest-backing

    registered among the 1989 "graduates" (obviously "Pravo" was

    leaving out the East Germans).

    Panic notwithstanding, mutual bickering among

    democratic forces intensified, rather than diminished, as a

    result of the poll. President Vaclav Havel, a known opponent

    of the "opposition agreement" that enabled the CSSD to rule

    as a minority government in exchange for prominent

    parliamentary posts for the ODS, blamed the poll's results on

    that agreement. Havel is forgetting that it is only natural

    for dissatisfied voters to flock to the opposition and that

    the ODS cannot be counted in that category because of its

    "unholy alliance" with the CSSD. Indeed, the Freedom Union,

    which in June 1998 scored 8.6 percent in the elections to the

    Chamber of Deputies, is now backed by 12.7 percent--in other

    words, its support has increased more than 50 percent. The

    third force that is not part of the CSSD-ODS agreement,

    namely the Christian Democrats (KDU-CSL), are also doing

    better than in the 1998 elections, but only slightly so

    (compared with 10.4 percent, 9 percent).

    The STEM poll might have been expected to encourage the

    forces on the right to overcome their differences. A

    coalition of the ODS, the Freedom Union, and the KDU-CSL

    would command a majority of 115 in the 200-seats chamber, and

    increase political stability, to the likely dissatisfaction

    of the Communists. Freedom Union leader Jan Ruml and KDU-CSL

    deputy chairman Karel Kuehnl did call for such a coalition,

    but both seemed more preoccupied with pointing a finger at

    the ODS for its alliance with the CSSD than with putting the

    center-right's post-1998 relations on a new footing

    In turn, the ODS (through its deputy parliamentary group

    leader Vlastimil Tlusty) rushed to identify the KDU-CSL and

    the union as the main culprits for having rejected the ODS's

    overtures to form a coalition after the 1998 elections. The

    CSSD, while admitting that the alliance with the ODS might be

    one of the reasons for the growth in communist support, noted

    (through Deputy Premier Vladimir Spidla) that this was no

    reason to halt the constitutional changes currently being

    examined by a joint CSSD-ODS commission. Those changes also

    provide for curtailing the president's powers.

    In other words, machinations to undermine adversaries

    (and Havel is perceived as an adversary by both the CSSD and

    the ODS) are more important than the looming prospect of an

    eventual communist election victory. Some "psychological

    thresholds," it seems, are more difficult to overcome than

    others. And for some people, this may recall the days

    preceding the February 1948 communist takeover--except that

    the Communists no longer have militias to lean on. Is,

    however, a "velvet counter-revolution" inconceivable?

    23-07-99


    Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    URL: http://www.rferl.org


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